Lighting options are standard but filters range between canister, under-gravel and a special marine filter called a 'wet/dry' filter. This filter is a great choice for the novice aquarist. It is placed outside the tank so cleaning is easier. Before you buy one have an idea of where you are going to place it so that you know how much hose you are going to need. This kind of filter is normally placed at the base of the tank but you can also hide it in nook or cranny. Get extra hose if you think you are going to need it as standard hoses are often too short.
Marine tanks are aerated by water turbulence not by the typical aerators found in freshwater tanks. Turbulence is basically used to simulate ocean waves. A good filter will circulate water around your saltwater aquarium via its import and export hoses. If you have a fish only tank a protein skimmer isn't necessary but it does make your water beautifully clear. Marine aquariums develop a foamy layer on the top as a result of water turbulence. This is the same phenomenon as you see on the beach after the tide rolls out. A protein skimmer will suck this foam off the top of the water.
Thermometers and heaters are pretty standard but a hydrometer is specially made for use in marine tanks as are several of the chemicals. Hydrometers are not expensive and they measure the water's specific gravity. In other words it tells you if the water is salty enough. Chemicals that you need include a pH kit, marine test kit, salt and marine buffer. These will measure the levels of ammonia and nitrates in the saltwater aquarium. Keeping these within normal range is probably the most difficult part of managing a marine tank. It needs daily checking to avoid even the slightest variation.
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